Biodiversité
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Revue de presse et du net par le Pôle de partage des connaissances S&T de l'Office français de la biodiversité
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Fossil CO2 emissions at record high in 2023

Fossil CO2 emissions at record high in 2023 | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Global carbon emissions from fossil fuels have risen again in 2023 – reaching record levels, according to new research from the Global Carbon Project science team.

The annual Global Carbon Budget projects fossil carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions of 36.8 billion tonnes in 2023, up 1.1% from 2022.

Fossil CO2 emissions are falling in some regions, including Europe and the USA, but rising overall – and the scientists say global action to cut fossil fuels is not happening fast enough to prevent dangerous climate change.

“It now looks inevitable we will overshoot the 1.5°C target of the Paris Agreement, and leaders meeting at COP28 will have to agree rapid cuts in fossil fuel emissions even to keep the 2°C target alive.”

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Lire dans Le Monde : Les émissions de CO₂ continuent à progresser en 2023, dans un monde toujours très dépendant aux énergies fossiles

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Chaleur extrême en Amérique du Nord, en Europe et en Chine en juillet 2023 rendue beaucoup plus probable par le changement climatique - World Weather Attribution

Chaleur extrême en Amérique du Nord, en Europe et en Chine en juillet 2023 rendue beaucoup plus probable par le changement climatique - World Weather Attribution | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Après un mois de juin record, de vastes régions des États-Unis et du Mexique, de l'Europe du Sud et de la Chine ont connu une chaleur extrême en juillet 2023, battant de nombreux records locaux de température élevée.

DocBiodiv's insight:

Etude complète https://doi.org/10.25561/105549 World Weather Attribution "formée de chercheurs de plusieurs institutions, dontGrantham Institute - Climate Change and the Environment, Imperial College de Londres, Institut météorologique royal des Pays-Bas, Labo.des sciences du climat et de l'environnement, Centre climatique de la Croix-Rouge et du Croissant-Rouge" qui "suite à un événement météorologique extrême,  mènent des études d'attribution pour apporter une réponse scientifique solide à cette question : est-ce que le changement climatique est à blâmer?"

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Entre les incendies et les phénomènes météo, des liaisons dangereuses

Entre les incendies et les phénomènes météo, des liaisons dangereuses | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
Une étude sur l’impact des grands incendies de forêt dans des phénomènes météorologiques à court terme ouvre la voie à de nouvelles stratégies de prévention.
DocBiodiv's insight:

Xin Huang and Ke Ding and Jingyi Liu and Zilin Wang and Rong Tang  & al. Smoke-weather interaction affects extreme wildfires in diverse coastal regions Science vol 379, n°6631, 2023 DOI: 10.1126/science.add9843

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L'Office français de la biodiversité annonce un partenariat international pour promouvoir les aires marines

L'Office français de la biodiversité annonce un partenariat international pour promouvoir les aires marines | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Les aires marines protégées ont un rôle à jouer dans la lutte contre le réchauffement climatique. C'est ce que soutiennent la France, le Chili, le Costa Rica, le Royaume-Uni et les Etats-Unis. Le 2 juin dernier, l'Office français de la biodiversité a annoncé un partenariat international entre les agences de protection du milieu marin de ces cinq pays. Le but ? Promouvoir les aires marines protégées comme des outils de lutte contre le changement climatique auprès des dirigeants mondiaux. Il s'agit de l'international partnership on MPAs, biodiversity and climate change.

DocBiodiv's insight:

Plus d'infos : https://www.ofb.gouv.fr/actualites/un-partenariat-mondial-pour-eriger-les-aires-marines-protegees-comme-outil-cle-dans-la

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COVID-19 Remade Society. Now It's the Climate's Turn

COVID-19 Remade Society. Now It's the Climate's Turn | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
The intertwining of the economy and climate change promises to alter the shape of global politics and society for the foreseeable future.
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Preserving connectivity under climate and land-use change: No one-size-fits-all approach for focal species in similar habitats - ScienceDirect

Habitat connectivity is essential for maintaining populations of wildlife species, especially as climate changes. Knowledge about the fate of existing habitat networks in a changing climate and in light of land-use change is critical for determining which types of conservation actions must be taken to maintain those networks. However, information is lacking about how multiple focal species that use similar habitats overlap in the degree and geographic patterns of threats to linkages among currently suitable habitat patches. We sought to address that gap. We assessed climate change threat to existing linkages in the southeastern United States for three wildlife species that use similar habitats but differ in the degree to which their ranges are limited by climate, habitat specificity, and dispersal ability.

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Jennifer K. Costanza, James Watling, Ron Sutherland, Curtis Belyea, Bistra Dilkina, Heather Cayton, David Bucklin, Stephanie S. Romañach, Nick M. Haddad,
Preserving connectivity under climate and land-use change: No one-size-fits-all approach for focal species in similar habitats,
Biological Conservation,Volume 248,2020,108678,ISSN 0006-3207, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2020.108678.

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Une carte interactive révèle comment seront les villes dans 60 ans

Une carte interactive révèle comment seront les villes dans 60 ans | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Etats-Unis - Voici une carte interactive qui donne une excellente idée du changement climatique d'ici 60 ans d'une ville.

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Un article des Echos de février 2019 en rapport avec cette étude parue dans Nature

Contemporary climatic analogs for 540 North American urban areas in the late 21st century

Matthew C. Fitzpatrick & Robert R. Dunn 

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-019-08540-3

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Our House Is Burning: Discrepancy in Climate Change vs. Biodiversity Coverage in the Media as Compared to Scientific Literature | Ecology and Evolution

Our House Is Burning: Discrepancy in Climate Change vs. Biodiversity Coverage in the Media as Compared to Scientific Literature | Ecology and Evolution | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Scientists, policy makers and journalists are three key, interconnected players involved in prioritizing and implementing solutions to mitigate the consequences of anthropogenic pressures on the environment. The way in which information is framed and expertise is communicated by the media is crucial for political decisions and for the integrated management of environmental issues. Here we present a comparative study of scientific literature and press articles addressing climate change and biodiversity. We extensively scrutinized the scientific literature, research funding and press articles from the USA, Canada and United Kingdom addressing climate change and biodiversity issues between 1991 and 2016.

DocBiodiv's insight:
Référence : Legagneux P, Casajus N, Cazelles K, Chevallier C, Chevrinais M, Guéry L, Jacquet C, Jaffré M, Naud M-J, Noisette F, Ropars P, Vissault S, Archambault P, Bêty J, Berteaux D, Gravel D. Our house is burning: discrepancy in climate change vs biodiversity coverage in the media as compared to scientific literature. Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution 2018. 5:175. DOI: 10.3389/fevo.2017.00175.
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Reporting on the State of the Climate in 2016

Reporting on the State of the Climate in 2016 | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

State of the Climate in 2016 report released online today by the American Meteorological Society (AMS).

The 27th annual issuance of the report, led by NOAA National Centers for Environmental Information, is based on contributions from nearly 500 scientists from more than 60 countries around the world and reflects tens of thousands of measurements from multiple independent datasets (highlights, full report (link is external)). It provides a detailed update on global climate indicators, notable weather events, and other data collected by environmental monitoring stations and instruments located on land, water, ice, and in space.

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Half of All Species Are on the Move—And We're Feeling It

Half of All Species Are on the Move—And We're Feeling It | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
As climate change displaces everything from moose to microbes, it’s affecting human foods, businesses, and diseases.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Lire sur le site https://www.usanpn.org/data/spring " How does this spring compare to "normal"? "
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Scientists think 'little plant and animal highways' could help wildlife escape climate change

Scientists think 'little plant and animal highways' could help wildlife escape climate change | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
Habitat corridors could help species flee the effects of climate change on their habitats.
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Référence de l'étude : Biological Sciences - Environmental Sciences: Jenny L. McGuire, Joshua J. Lawler, Brad H. McRae, Tristan A. Nuñez, and David M. Theobald Achieving climate connectivity in a fragmented landscape PNAS 2016 ; published ahead of print June 13, 2016, doi:10.1073/pnas.1602817113
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Combined impacts of global changes on biodiversity across the USA

Combined impacts of global changes on biodiversity across the USA | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
Most studies of the effects of global changes on biodiversity focus on a single threat, but multiple threats lead to species extinction.
DocBiodiv's insight:

Combined impacts of global changes on biodiversity across the USAC. Bellard, C. Leclerc & F. Courchamp - Scientific Reports 5, Article number: 11828 (2015)doi:10.1038/srep11828

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Une étude quantifie le lien entre émissions de CO2 et déclin des ours polaires

Une étude quantifie le lien entre émissions de CO2 et déclin des ours polaires | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Quantifier l'impact d'une certaine quantité d'émissions de gaz à effet de serre sur les ours polaires n'avait pour le moment jamais été fait.

DocBiodiv's insight:

Steven C. AmstrupCecilia M. Bitz,Unlock the Endangered Species Act to address GHG emissions. Science 381, 949-951 (2023).  DOI:10.1126/science.adh2280

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Les plantes gravissent les montagnes

Les plantes gravissent les montagnes | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Réchauffement aidant, certaines plantes qui vivent à flanc de montagne ont commencé depuis longtemps à gagner de l'altitude, à la recherche de températures plus fraîches. Mais des biologistes commencent à mesurer à quel point certains végétaux sont de meilleurs grimpeurs que d'autres.

DocBiodiv's insight:

James R. Kellner ,Joseph Kendrick,Dov F. Sax High-velocity upward shifts in vegetation are ubiquitous in mountains of western North America February 15, 2023 PLOS Climate https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pclm.0000071

Le blog de l'un des auteurs https://kellnerlab.org/

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Rescooped by DocBiodiv from Climate Psychology "Climate change and environmental destruction threatens us with powerful feelings – loss, grief, guilt, anxiety, shame, despair." Climate Psychology Alliance's Handbook of Climate Psychology
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Mental Health and Our Changing Climate Impacts, Inequities, Responses: An American Psychological Association-ecoAmerica Report, 2021 Edition

Mental Health and Our Changing Climate Impacts, Inequities, Responses: An American Psychological Association-ecoAmerica Report, 2021 Edition | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
The American Psychological Association and ecoAmerica are pleased to offer this update of our 2017 report, Mental Health and Our Changing Climate. Since that report appeared, concerns about the mental health impacts of climate change have grown among health professionals, policymakers, and the public. Research on climate and health has accelerated and many new findings have emerged. With this update, we aim to provide readers with the information and guidance they need to stay current in this field and take effective action. 

Via Dennis Richards
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https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/mental-health-climate-change.pdf via @dennisar

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The U.S. reptile most at risk from rising seas is one you likely haven’t heard of

The U.S. reptile most at risk from rising seas is one you likely haven’t heard of | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
At just 5 centimers, or 2 inches, from nose to tail, the Florida reef gecko is so frail that handling it with bare hands is enough to tear its skin. That makes catching it a tricky task: to do so safely, biologists wiggle their fingers in the leaf litter and look beneath cover — such […]
DocBiodiv's insight:

Clements, S.L., Powell, E.A., Mothes, C.C. et al. Assessing the conservation risk of Sphaerodactylus notatus, the U.S. herpetofaunal species most vulnerable to sea level rise. Biodivers Conserv 30, 107–121 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-020-02080-9

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« Ce qui se passe ici n'est pas normal » : le changement climatique crée des forêts fantômes

« Ce qui se passe ici n'est pas normal » : le changement climatique crée des forêts fantômes | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
En raison de phénomènes causés par le changement climatique, certaines forêts n'ont pas le temps de s'adapter. Les arbres meurent et de nouveaux arbres n'arrivent plus à pousser. Cela génère des forêts fantômes.
DocBiodiv's insight:

Par Marcus Dupont-Besnard 07 avril 2021 en rapport avec l'article Ury, E.A., Yang, X., Wright, J.P. and Bernhardt, E.S. (2021), Rapid deforestation of a coastal landscape driven by sea level rise and extreme events. Ecological Applications. Accepted Author Manuscript e2339. https://doi.org/10.1002/eap.2339

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The impact of rising CO2 and acclimation on the response of US forests to global warming - PNAS

The impact of rising CO2 and acclimation on the response of US forests to global warming - PNAS | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

The benefit of climate change for forests is that higher atmospheric CO2 allows trees to use less water and photosynthesize more. The problem of climate change is that warmer temperatures make trees use more water and photosynthesize less. We predicted the outcome of these opposing influences using a physiologically realistic model which accounted for the potential adjustment in forest leaf area and related traits to future conditions.

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John S. Sperry, Martin D. Venturas, Henry N. Todd, Anna T. Trugman, William R. L. Anderegg, Yujie Wang, Xiaonan Tai
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2019, 201913072; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913072116
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Contentieux climatique : une actualité riche aux Etats-Unis, en Europe et en France

Contentieux climatique : une actualité riche aux Etats-Unis, en Europe et en France | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
En 2018, l'actualité en matière de contentieux climatique n'a pas faibli aux Etats-Unis et en Europe. En France, les premiers jalons d'une future action sont posés. Retour sur ces affaires avec Christian Huglo, Avocat à la Cour.
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Article du 12 nov 2018.

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La « cli-fi », une nouvelle façon de parler du changement climatique

La « cli-fi », une nouvelle façon de parler du changement climatique | Biodiversité | Scoop.it
Reconnue aux États-Unis, la « fiction climatique » reste encore discrète en France. Passer par le récit semble pourtant efficace pour éveiller les consciences aux dangers climatiques.
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Auteur : Claire Perrin Doctorante en littérature américaine, Université de Perpignan
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Climate Mayors

ClimateMayors se présente ainsi : We are Working across the U.S. in red states and blue states, we are leading in our cities on climate action and together nationally.
Cities adopt the Paris Climate Agreement goals 365 Climate Mayors, representing 67 million Americans, commit to uphold the Paris goals
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Alors que le Los Angeles Times raconte comment Laguna Beach a voté des mesures dans le cadre de l'Accord de Paris  http://www.latimes.com/socal/daily-pilot/news/tn-dpt-me-lb-climate-change-20170809-story.html lisez également Scientists Fear Trump Will Dismiss Blunt Climate Report https://www.nytimes.com/2017/08/07/climate/climate-change-drastic-warming-trump.html
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Barack Obama dévoile un plan pour protéger les ours polaires

Barack Obama dévoile un plan pour protéger les ours polaires | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

Même à quelques jours de la fin de son mandat présidentiel, Barack Obama continue sa course aux mesures environnementales. Lundi 9 janvier, son administration a dévoilé un plan visant à mieux protéger les ours polaires, une espèce en danger d’extinction.


Via Pescalune
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Recent changes in the diet and survival of Atlantic puffin chicks in the face of climate change and commercial fishing in midcoast Maine, USA

Recent changes in the diet and survival of Atlantic puffin chicks in the face of climate change and commercial fishing in midcoast Maine, USA | Biodiversité | Scoop.it

We examined the diet of Atlantic puffin (Fratercula arctica) chicks at three midcoast Maine, USA, colonies during the years 2005–2014 and found that the puffins at each island have a distinct diet that has changed in recent years. 

DocBiodiv's insight:
Lisez également "What A Baby Puffin's Diet Tells Us About Its Future" : https://www.audubon.org/news/what-baby-puffins-diet-tells-us-about-its-future
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