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Le Royaume-Uni serait l’un des pays les plus dépourvus de nature sauvage au monde. Le maire de Londres vient tout juste d’annoncer qu’un couple de castors sera bientôt réintroduit dans l’ouest de la ville. Mais quelles sont les chances de succès de ce genre d’opérations de rewilding ? Des chercheurs nous apportent quelques réponses.
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Un louveteau a-t-il bien été retrouvé mort dans le Larzac ? L'effarouchement des ours est-il une bonne solution ? Des dossiers sensibles dont s'occupe l'Office français de la biodiversité d'Occitanie (OFB).
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The ongoing recovery of terrestrial large carnivores in North America and Europe is accompanied by intense controversy. On the one hand, reestablishment of large carnivores entails a recovery of their most important ecological role, predation. On the other hand, societies are struggling to relearn how to live with apex predators that kill livestock, compete for game species, and occasionally injure or kill people. Those responsible for managing these species and mitigating conflict often lack fundamental information due to a long-standing challenge in ecology: How do we draw robust population-level inferences for elusive animals spread over immense areas? Here we showcase the application of an effective tool for spatially explicit tracking and forecasting of wildlife population dynamics at scales that are relevant to management and conservation.
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Interview de Raphaël Arlettaz, chercheur, qui a participé à l'élaboration d'un rapport sur l'état alarmant des écosystèmes.
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Wildlife return in Europe is seen by many as a great conservation success, but it brings some new challenges too. For centuries, the wolf, the bear, the lynx and wolverine, were chased and expelled from their natural habitats – and went almost extinct in many European places. However, the current land use in Europe, habitat improvement and increase of prey species - backed by the legal protection large carnivores have in some countries - brought a new opportunity for them to come back, raising potential conflicts between farmers and livestock producers, hunters, local authorities, protected areas, and NGOs.
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Le ministère roumain de l’Environnement a autorisé ce lundi l’abattage ou le déplacement de 140 ours et 97 loups, invoquant des dommages croissants provoqués
Près de 2.000 loups vivent aujourd’hui en Italie. Alors que les attaques de bétail augmentent, associations environnementales et éleveurs s’opposent sur la stratégie à adopter pour y remédier. Les autorités discutent jeudi 23 février d’un « plan loup » prévoyant des abattages. Rome (Italie), correspondance
Via Hubert MESSMER
Des chercheurs scandinaves et américains ont découvert contre toute attente que la présence de loups et d'ours dans un même secteur n'avait pas de conséquences négatives pour les proies, au contraire !
Via Hubert MESSMER
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This paper reviews the peer-reviewed scientific literature on interventions aimed to reduce human fear of large carnivores in human-large carnivore conflicts. Based on psychological theories, a wide definition of fear was adopted, including fear as an emotion, as a perception and as an attitude.
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Quelle est la place des prédateurs en France, des piscivores - hérons, cormorans - aux carnivores - loups, lynx, ours ? Pourquoi sont-ils indispensables à la biodiversité ?
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Farid Benhammou est agrégé de géographie, docteur en géographie-environnement d’Agro Paris Tech – Engref (École nationale du génie rural des eaux et des forêts). Il travaille sur les conflits autour de la conservation de l’ours et du loup depuis 1998, en y appliquant une démarche géopolitique.
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The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records.
LE PLUS. Christian Hubaud, le maire de Pelleautier (Hautes-Alpes), vient de prendre un arrêté autorisant ses concitoyens à tirer à vue sur des loups qui s'en prendraient aux troupeaux, ce qui est illégal. Pour Yves Paccalet, qui s'engage auprès de l'association Ferus, cette décision est une absurdité.
Via Bourdoncle
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L'aide à la protection des exploitations et des troupeaux contre la prédation du loup et de l’ours a pour objectif de favoriser l’adaptation des activités d’élevage à la présence de ces prédateurs.
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The recent recovery of large carnivores in Europe has been explained as resulting from a decrease in human persecution driven by widespread rural land abandonment, paralleled by forest cover increase and the consequent increase in availability of shelter and prey. We investigated whether land cover and human population density changes are related to the relative probability of occurrence of three European large carnivores: the grey wolf (Canis lupus), the Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) and the brown bear (Ursus arctos).
L'Office national de la chasse et de la faune sauvage (ONCFS) a décidé mardi de suspendre la réalisation des constats de dégâts liés à l'ours dans deux vallées de l'Ariège tant que la sécurité de ses agents, menacée par les anti-ours, n'est pas assurée.
Via Hubert MESSMER
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Understanding the processes related to wildlife recoveries is not only essential in solving human - wildlife conflicts, but also for identifying priority conservation areas and in turn, for effective conservation planning. We used data from a large citizen science program to study the spatial processes related to the demographic and genetic recovery of brown bears in Greece and to identify new areas for their conservation. This was achieved by visually comparing our data with an estimation of the past distribution of brown bears in Greece and by using a Point Process Model to model habitat suitability, and then comparing our results with the current distribution of brown bear records and with that of protected areas.
En Roumanie, les Hommes cohabitent avec la plus grande population de grands prédateurs d’Europe. Comment expliquer alors le conflit en France ?
Via Hubert MESSMER
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Representatives of ten European Rewilding Network sites came together in March to discuss how social science and raising awareness can achieve better human-wildlife coexistence and mitigate human-wildlife conflict.
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Au sujet de la couverture : The identification of covariation in morphological character complexes (modularity) could help to increase our understanding of morphological transitions in a phylogenetic framework. Using state-of-the-art engineering techniques, Blanke et al. identify a number of mechanical interdependencies in a damselfly head and integrate that information in a phylogenetic analysis workflow. The results suggest dragonflies and mayflies as sistergroups - a relationship that has been debated in insect systematics for decades.
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Although the protection of livestock from predators like wolves, cougars, and bears is hotly contested in the United States and Europe, control methods are rarely subjected to rigorous scientific testing. Non-lethal methods face higher standards of evidence—and are also generally more effective than killing predators, say Adrian Teves, Miha Krofel and Jeannine McManus. The trio conducted a systematic review of the available evidence. Their report “Predator control should not be a shot in the dark” appears in the September 2016 issue of Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment.
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Le Dossier : Sauvage l'accepter et l'accompagner La nature sauvage fait l'objet d'un regain d'intérêt mais ne va pas sans poser question dans la société comme chez les gestionnaires d'espaces naturelsprotégés. Le sauvage fait rêver de liberté, et fait peur à la fois. Au-delà des paradoxes, quelle place lui laisser dans les stratégies de conservation ? Comment faire accepter les dynamiques naturelles et la non-intervention ?
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By terrorizing island raccoons, scientists finally confirm that large predators can affect their prey through fear alone.
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Cahier technique édité par l'Aten en 2002. Auteur Pierre Salès. Méthodes de protection, actions symboliques, piste écologique, mise en valeur de l’espèce : les différentes approches de la gestion du loup dans trois pays européens.
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Soumis à consultation depuis vendredi 29 mai jusqu’au dimanche 21 juin, les deux arrêtés prévoient, pour 2015-2016, d’une...
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Seth Thomas, Vincent van der Merwe, William Douglas Carvalho, & al. Evaluating the performance of conservation translocations in large carnivores across the world, Biological Conservation, Vol 279, 2023,109909, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2023.109909.
Abstract: Globally, fragmented landscapes and other anthropogenic pressures are causing declines in large carnivore populations. Conservation organizations are working to counteract these trends through the translocations of large carnivores, for example by reintroducing them to their historic ranges or by reinforcing existing populations to promote gene flow and resilience. via @UniofOxford