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Le Royaume-Uni serait l’un des pays les plus dépourvus de nature sauvage au monde. Le maire de Londres vient tout juste d’annoncer qu’un couple de castors sera bientôt réintroduit dans l’ouest de la ville. Mais quelles sont les chances de succès de ce genre d’opérations de rewilding ? Des chercheurs nous apportent quelques réponses. 
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Aude Lalis, chercheuse au Muséum national d’histoire naturelle (MNHN), nous aide à y voir clair sur l'impact du changement climatique sur les ours polaires. Certains racontent en effet qu'ils prospèrent ! Les chercheurs et chercheuses du domaine ont d’ailleurs tiré des informations très intéressantes sur les émetteurs de cette affirmation.
DocBiodiv's insight:
"Pour démystifier les plus tenaces des idées reçues sur le climat, l'Insu s’est associé au site Bonpote.com." Suivez @INSU_CNRS @BonPote
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Sans banquise, les ours polaires meurent de faim. Alors si les émissions de gaz à effet de serre continuent à augmenter, le réchauffement pourrait signer la quasi extinction de ces plantigrades emblématiques de l’Arctique d’ici la fin du siècle.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Lire Molnár, P.K., Bitz, C.M., Holland, M.M. et al. Fasting season length sets temporal limits for global polar bear persistence. Nat. Clim. Chang. (2020). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-020-0818-9
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Interview de Raphaël Arlettaz, chercheur, qui a participé à l'élaboration d'un rapport sur l'état alarmant des écosystèmes.
DocBiodiv's insight:
8 minutes d'explications par le Professeur en biologie de la conservation de l'Université de Bern que l'on retrouve aussi sur Ses publications http://www.cb.iee.unibe.ch/unibe/portal/fak_naturwis/d_dbio/b_ioekev/abt_cb/content/e58880/e258374/e258542/Publicationsrecord_eng.pdf
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Understanding the processes related to wildlife recoveries is not only essential in solving human - wildlife conflicts, but also for identifying priority conservation areas and in turn, for effective conservation planning. We used data from a large citizen science program to study the spatial processes related to the demographic and genetic recovery of brown bears in Greece and to identify new areas for their conservation. This was achieved by visually comparing our data with an estimation of the past distribution of brown bears in Greece and by using a Point Process Model to model habitat suitability, and then comparing our results with the current distribution of brown bear records and with that of protected areas.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Auteurs : Anne-Sophie Bonnet-Lebrun, Alexandros Karamanlidis, Miguel de Gabriel Hernando, Ian Renner, Olivier Gimenez
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Management of large carnivores is among the most controversial topics in natural resource administration. Regulated hunting is a centrepiece of many carnivore management programmes and, although a number of hunting effects on population dynamics, body-size distributions and life history in other wildlife have been observed, its effects on life history and demography of large carnivores remain poorly documented.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Auteurs : Richard Bischof, Christophe Bonenfant, Inger Maren Rivrud, Andreas Zedrosser, Andrea Friebe, Tim Coulson, Atle Mysterud & Jon E. Swenson
Nature Ecology & Evolution (2017) doi:10.1038/s41559-017-0400-7
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This paper reviews the peer-reviewed scientific literature on interventions aimed to reduce human fear of large carnivores in human-large carnivore conflicts. Based on psychological theories, a wide definition of fear was adopted, including fear as an emotion, as a perception and as an attitude.
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Biological Conservation Volume 201, September 2016, Pages 261–269 par Maria Johanssona, , Inês A. Ferreiraa, Ole-Gunnar Støenb, Jens Frankc, Anders Flyktd
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The conservation of large carnivores is a formidable challenge for biodiversity conservation. Using a data set on the past and current status of brown bears (Ursus arctos), Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx), gray wolves (Canis lupus), and wolverines (Gulo gulo) in European countries, we show that roughly one-third of mainland Europe hosts at least one large carnivore species, with stable or increasing abundance in most cases in 21st-century records.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Article paru dans Science Vol 346, Issue 6216 19 December 2014 dont le résumé se termine ainsi : "The European situation reveals that large carnivores and people can share the same landscape."
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Un louveteau a-t-il bien été retrouvé mort dans le Larzac ? L'effarouchement des ours est-il une bonne solution ? Des dossiers sensibles dont s'occupe l'Office français de la biodiversité d'Occitanie (OFB).
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The ongoing recovery of terrestrial large carnivores in North America and Europe is accompanied by intense controversy. On the one hand, reestablishment of large carnivores entails a recovery of their most important ecological role, predation. On the other hand, societies are struggling to relearn how to live with apex predators that kill livestock, compete for game species, and occasionally injure or kill people. Those responsible for managing these species and mitigating conflict often lack fundamental information due to a long-standing challenge in ecology: How do we draw robust population-level inferences for elusive animals spread over immense areas? Here we showcase the application of an effective tool for spatially explicit tracking and forecasting of wildlife population dynamics at scales that are relevant to management and conservation.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Auteurs : Richard Bischof, Cyril Milleret, Pierre Dupont, Joseph Chipperfield, Mahdieh Tourani, Andrés Ordiz, Perry de Valpine, Daniel Turek, J. Andrew Royle, Olivier Gimenez, Øystein Flagstad, Mikael Åkesson, Linn Svensson, Henrik Brøseth, Jonas Kindberg Revue : Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences Nov 2020, 202011383; DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2011383117 Google traduction du titre de l'article "Estimation et prévision de la dynamique spatiale des populations de grands prédateurs à l'aide de la surveillance génétique transnationale"
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European Commission - DG Environment News Alert Service - Science for Environment Policy: Free weekly News Alert
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Science for Environment Policy N°528 Juin 2019 Cantabrian brown-bear population: how climate change may endanger its long-term conservation, Spain
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Une équipe internationale de chercheurs a découvert que les ours malais sont capables de produire un mimétisme facial exact, une capacité que l'on ne pensait trouver que chez les humains et les gorilles. Via Hubert MESSMER
DocBiodiv's insight:
Facial Complexity in Sun Bears: Exact Facial Mimicry and Social Sensitivity Derry Taylor, Daniela Hartmann, Guillaume Dezecache, Siew Te Wong & Marina Davila-Ross Scientific Reports volume 9, Article number: 4961 (2019)
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Polar bears rely on sea ice to get their primary meal: seals. But as climate change melts this ice, the bears have to work harder to find prey, and that’s taking a toll on their health, researchers report today in Science. To find out how much the animals need to eat, scientists captured nine female polar bears living in the Beaufort Sea each spring for 3 years and took blood samples and other measurements to gauge the bears’ metabolisms. Then they attached GPS collars affixed with video cameras and accelerometers to watch the bears forage for food.
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Au sujet de la couverture : The identification of covariation in morphological character complexes (modularity) could help to increase our understanding of morphological transitions in a phylogenetic framework. Using state-of-the-art engineering techniques, Blanke et al. identify a number of mechanical interdependencies in a damselfly head and integrate that information in a phylogenetic analysis workflow. The results suggest dragonflies and mayflies as sistergroups - a relationship that has been debated in insect systematics for decades.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Retrouvez à partir de ce lien la table des matières et le classement par rubriques : Behaviour Development and Physiology Ecology Evolution Genetics and genomics Palaeobiology
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By terrorizing island raccoons, scientists finally confirm that large predators can affect their prey through fear alone.
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Seth Thomas, Vincent van der Merwe, William Douglas Carvalho, & al. Evaluating the performance of conservation translocations in large carnivores across the world, Biological Conservation, Vol 279, 2023,109909, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2023.109909.
Abstract: Globally, fragmented landscapes and other anthropogenic pressures are causing declines in large carnivore populations. Conservation organizations are working to counteract these trends through the translocations of large carnivores, for example by reintroducing them to their historic ranges or by reinforcing existing populations to promote gene flow and resilience. via @UniofOxford