Biodiversité

A la Une : De retour du Nunavik. Le territoire inuit face au changement climatique. Depuis 2018, un projet de recherche soutenu par l’ANR InterArctic (A millennium of interaction between societies and environments in Arctic and sub-Arctic regions, Canada and Greenland) s’intéresse aux sociétés humaines arctiques et sub-arctiques dans leur environnement sur le dernier millénaire.

Mais aussi Atelier de l'innovation " Arbres et écosystèmes forestiers " ; Une étude sur l’évolution des nappes phréatiques de Normandie menée avec l’université de Rennes RIVAGES Normands 2100 (

Levels of fire activity and severity that are unprecedented in the instrumental record have recently been observed in forested regions around the world. Using a large sample of daily fire events and hourly climate data, here we show that fire activity in all global forest biomes responds strongly and predictably to exceedance of thresholds in atmospheric water demand, as measured by maximum daily vapour pressure deficit.

Amazonia is experiencing an increase in the frequency of extreme droughts and wildfires. However, the duration of their impacts on plant mortality and carbon stocks are poorly known, and it is unclear whether impacts are amplified in forests with a history of previous human disturbance. We show that plant mortality rates remain above baseline levels for over 3 y in forests affected by drought and 2.5 y in forests affected by both drought and fire. A history of human disturbance led to greater plant mortality in forests simultaneously affected by drought and fire. Our assessment of an area covering 1.2% of the Brazilian Amazon shows that regional drought and fires can have globally relevant impacts on the world’s carbon balance.

En raison de phénomènes causés par le changement climatique, certaines forêts n'ont pas le temps de s'adapter. Les arbres meurent et de nouveaux arbres n'arrivent plus à pousser. Cela génère des forêts fantômes.

Deep-water access is arguably the most effective, but under-studied mechanism that plants employ to survive during drought...

We inversely estimated the effective rooting depth (ERD, as the average depth of water extraction), for 29 canopy species by linking diameter growth dynamics (1990‐2015) to vapor pressure deficit, water potentials in the whole‐soil column, and leaf hydraulic vulnerability curves.

Across species, deeper ERD was associated with higher maximum stem hydraulic conductivity...

La teneur des sols en eau est un facteur crucial de résistance au vent. Avec des précipitations hivernales en hausse, les tempêtes pourraient engendrer des dégâts plus massifs dans les forêts landaises, révèle une étude française publiée dans la revue Forest Ecology and Management.