Biodiversité

Les précédents plans nationaux d’action ont permis d’atteindre le seuil de viabilité démographique du loup en France. La population de cette espèce protégée est en croissance dans plusieurs départements et le front de colonisation s’étend.

The ongoing recovery of terrestrial large carnivores in North America and Europe is accompanied by intense controversy. On the one hand, reestablishment of large carnivores entails a recovery of their most important ecological role, predation. On the other hand, societies are struggling to relearn how to live with apex predators that kill livestock, compete for game species, and occasionally injure or kill people. Those responsible for managing these species and mitigating conflict often lack fundamental information due to a long-standing challenge in ecology: How do we draw robust population-level inferences for elusive animals spread over immense areas? Here we showcase the application of an effective tool for spatially explicit tracking and forecasting of wildlife population dynamics at scales that are relevant to management and conservation.

Grâce à de fortes mesures de conservation, le panda n’est aujourd’hui plus en danger. Mais ces mesures n’ont pas permis de sauver les grands carnivores d’Asie, observent des chercheurs de l’université de Pékin.

Dans son livre La nation des loups : vie, mort et retour des loups sauvages américains (Wolf Nation: The Life, Death, and Return of Wild American Wolves), Brenda Peterson nous fait pénétrer dans le monde de ces super-prédateurs et dans la guerre culturelle dont ils font l'objet. Nous l'avons rencontrée dans sa maison de Seattle, où elle nous a expliqué que le débat sur la préservation des loups avait atteint les mêmes niveaux de violence que le débat sur l'avortement.

We illustrate how to build spaces of interactions between research and management. We present two case studies we conducted through a long-term collaboration between the Centre for Functional and Evolutionary Ecology (CEFE; academic/science—a public research laboratory mostly focused on basic ecological questions) and the French Biodiversity Agency (OFB; non-academic/management—a public institute dedicated to biodiversity protection and restauration, under administrative supervision of ecology and agriculture ministries) with biodiversity monitoring in national parks and management of large carnivores in France.

As both a flagship and umbrella species, the giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) is one of the most heavily invested species in conservation. Here, we report the wide distribution range retreat of the leopard (Panthera pardus, 81% loss), snow leopard (P. uncia, 38%), wolf (Canis lupus, 77%) and dhole (Cuon alpinus, 95%) from protected areas in the giant panda distribution range since the 1960s. The present findings indicate the insufficiency of giant panda conservation for protecting these large carnivore species and suggest that future conservation efforts should target restoring ecosystems with high trophic complexity to facilitate the recovery of large carnivore populations. Comparing historical records with contemporary camera trap surveys, the authors report widespread declines in the occurrence of four large carnivore species from protected areas within the distributional range of the giant panda.