Achieving inclusive and sustainable ocean economies, long-term climate resilience and effective biodiversity conservation requires urgent and strategic actions from local to global scales. We discuss fundamental changes that are needed to allow equitable policy across these three domains.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Claudet, J., Blythe, J., Gill, D.A. et al. Advancing ocean equity at the nexus of development, climate and conservation policy. Nat Ecol Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02417-5
Lire aussi sur https://newsroom.wcs.org/" " Alors que le monde avance d'urgence pour atteindre les objectifs mondiaux en matière de biodiversité et de climat d'ici 2030, il faut accorder une attention accrue à l'équité dans le dialogue et la pratique lors de la conception des interventions de conservation, d'adaptation et de développement des océans. "
Ce rapport analyse les obstacles et leviers à la lumière de projets inspirants en matière d'adaptation des villes à l'élévation du niveau de la mer dans le Pacifique. Du 10 au 12 juillet 2023, 55 acteurs – élus et gestionnaires locaux, scientifiques et représentants de la société civile et du secteur privé – venus de 16 pays et territoires insulaires du Pacifique se sont réunis à Nadi, aux Fidji, dans le cadre d’un atelier régional consacré à l’adaptation des villes et territoires côtiers à l’élévation du niveau de la mer dans le Pacifique.
Human rights matter for marine conservation because people and nature are inextricably linked. A thriving planet cannot be one that contains widespread human suffering or stifles human potential; and a thriving humanity cannot exist on a dying planet. (...) We argue that adopting a human rights-based approach to marine conservation, that is integrating equity as a rights-based condition rather than a charitable principle, will not only help meet legal and ethical obligations to respect, protect, and fulfil human rights, but will also result in greater and more enduring conservation impact.
Environ 8% du territoire de la Guyane est sous statut de Zones de Droits d’Usage Collectif (ZDUC). Ce statut instauré en 1987 reconnaît l’exercice de droits d’usage traditionnels et de subsistance aux communautés amérindiennes et bushinenguées sur le territoire. Il s’applique sur 7 000 km2 des 84 000 km2 de surface totale de la Guyane.
Leur étude démontre que, quelques années après l’agrandissement de la plus grande aire marine protégée du monde, les populations de thons se reconstituent au point de sortir de la réserve et de pouvoir être pêchées dans les eaux autorisées.
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Spillover benefits from the world’s largest fully protected MPA
SARAH MEDOFF J. LYNHAM J.RAYNOR. SCIENCE 20 Oct 2022 Vol 378, Issue 6617 pp. 313-316 DOI: 10.1126/science.abn0098
Une meilleure gestion de ces espaces, impliquant les populations locales, pourrait contribuer à éradiquer l’extrême pauvreté, selon un nouveau rapport international.
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Article du Monde par @Clemthiberge. Publié le 16 octobre 2020
Tropical coral reefs are subject to multiple pressures from both natural and anthropogenic sources. These pressures have caused widespread declines in reef health, resulting in the increased use of spatial management tools such as marine protected areas (MPAs). MPAs have proven generally effective if well designed and enforced, but there are limited long-term studies investigating how the presence of small-scale MPAs affects fish populations and reef communities. Using a 12-year time series, we found that small-scale (10–50 ha) community-managed MPAs along the Danajon Bank of the Philippines preserved average fish biomass within their boundaries over time relative to surrounding fished reefs. Unprotected areas are, however, showing significant long-term biomass decline. MPAs were also found to preserve more key trophic groups and larger-bodied commercially targeted reef fish families.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Bayley, D.T.I., Purvis, A., Nellas, A.C. et al. Measuring the long-term success of small-scale marine protected areas in a Philippine reef fishery. Coral Reefs (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00338-020-01987-7
Intact Forest Landscapes (IFLs) are critical strongholds for the environmental services that they provide, not least for their role in climate protection. On the basis of information about th
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Importance of Indigenous Peoples’ lands for the conservation of Intact Forest Landscapes
John E Fa, James EM Watson, Ian Leiper, Peter Potapov, Tom D Evans, Neil D Burgess, Zsolt Molnár, Álvaro Fernández‐Llamazares, Tom Duncan, Stephanie Wang, Beau J Austin
Large marine protected areas (>30,000 km2) have a high profile in marine conservation, yet their contribution to conservation is contested. Assessing the overlap of large marine protected areas with 14,172 species, we found large marine protected areas cover 4.4% of the ocean and at least some portion of the range of 83.3% of the species assessed. Of all species within large marine protected areas, 26.9% had at least 10% of their range represented, and this was projected to increase to 40.1% in 2100.
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Alors que s'achève au Chili le Congrès international des aires marines protégées #IMPAC4, lisez également : Why people matter in ocean governance: Incorporating human dimensions into large-scale marine protected areas - Marine Policy Volume 84, October 2017, Pages 273-284 http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0308597X17300532
Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) demonstrate promise for increasing ecosystem resilience and reversing habitat and population declines, but outcomes vary considerably from context to context. Partially protected areas offer a compromise between ecological recovery and the social needs of local communities, but their success is contingent on an array of factors.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Chloe Renn, Sian Rees, Adam Rees, Bede F R Davies, Amy Y Cartwright, Sam Fanshawe, Martin J Attrill, Luke A Holmes, Emma V Sheehan, ICES Journal of Marine Science, Volume 81, Issue 2, March 2024, Pages 276–292, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsad204
A recent peer-reviewed study finds that community tropical forest management is a predictor of multiple positive outcomes, both socially and for the environment. According to the paper, published in Nature Climate Change, forest patches in tropical regions across Africa, Asia and Latin America that are managed by rural and Indigenous communities are associated with improved […]
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Fischer, H.W., Chhatre, A., Duddu, A. et al. Community forest governance and synergies among carbon, biodiversity and livelihoods. Nat. Clim. Chang.13, 1340–1347 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41558-023-01863-6 via @redlisteco @hfischer_slu
Area-based conservation, including protected areas and OECMs, is the primary approach used to address biodiversity decline and now covers 8% of the world’s oceans and 17% of its lands. As it is set to diversify and expand under the 30x30 target to protect30% of the planet by 2030, we take stock of the approach, including its history in global policy and performance. We outline three priority directions to ensure area-based conservation contributes to securing a sustainable and just future.
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Auteurs : Georgina G. Gurney, Vanessa M. Adams, Jorge G. Álvarez-Romero, Joachim ClaudetOne Earth, ISSN: 2590-3322, Vol: 6, Issue: 2, Page: 98-104, 2023
via Jorge Álvarez-Romero @terra_et_mare et @JoachimClaudet
Emblématiques de l’Afrique sub-saharienne, les parcs agroforestiers font partie intégrante des paysages agricoles africains. Les arbres apportent quantité de services écosystémiques aux populations qui les entretiennent, comme aux cultures auxquelles ils sont associés dans les parcelles agricoles. Mais ces services entrent parfois en compétition, entraînant des effets négatifs sur les productions agricoles. Ces derniers peuvent être atténués par l’adaptation des pratiques agricoles.
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A spatialized assessment of ecosystem service relationships in a multifunctional agroforestry landscape of Senegal L.Leroux & al. Science of The Total Environment Volume 853, 20 December 2022, 158707 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.158707
Le nombre d'aléas hydrologiques, tels que les inondations et les sécheresses, augmente sous l'effet du changement climatique. On s'attend à ce que le stress hydrique, aggravé par la croissance démographique et la diminution des ressources disponibles, s’amplifie massivement. Or, selon un nouveau rapport multi‑institutions, la gestion, la surveillance, les prévisions et les alertes précoces dans le domaine de l’eau sont parcellaires et inadaptées, tandis que les financements alloués au niveau mondial à l'action climatique restent insuffisants.
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Ce rapport est intitulé State of Climate Services 2021: Water Situation des services climatologiques 2021: L'eau
" Plus de 2 milliards de personnes confrontées à un manque d'eau " ds Les Echos
A ‘Blueprint’ to save critical ecosystems and stabilize the Earth’s climate.
More than two years in development, the Global Safety Net is the first comprehensive global-scale analysis of terrestrial areas essential for biodiversity and climate resilience, totaling 50.4% of the Earth's land. The report was published in Science Advances and highlights the importance of protecting and restoring the natural world to address three converging crises -- climate change, the loss of biodiversity, and the emergence of novel viruses such as COVID-19.
Freshwater biodiversity in the Arctic is not fully documented or understood by scientists, particularly in remote and inaccessible areas. However, ongoing climate change is altering Arctic freshwater ecosystems – increasing water temperatures and ice melt rates,…
The authors of a new study published in Freshwater Biology suggest that learning from Arctic Indigenous Peoples is critical in informing a better shared understanding of both the historical and current state of Arctic freshwater biodiversity in response to these pressures.
De la théorie à la pratique, il y a parfois un grand décalage. C’est le cas pour la préservation de la biodiversité, où pour passer à l’action, il est parfois nécessaire de sensibiliser les élus et les différents usagers des territoires (acteurs économiques, associations, citoyens…) à de meilleures pratiques. En effet, les enjeux autour de la biodiversité ne sont pas toujours compris, notamment lorsqu’ils sont mis en balance avec des impératifs de développement touristique et/ou socioéconomique. Sur le terrain, des gestionnaires de territoire et des scientifiques œuvrent pour une meilleure prise en compte de la biodiversité dans les projets des territoires, en particulier par des démarches participatives.
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La revue d'INRAE fête ses 10 ans et propose à cette occasion de nombreuses ressources.
Aichi Target 11 (AT11), adopted by 193 Parties to the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) in 2010, states that protected areas (PAs) must be equitably managed by 2020. However, significant challenges remain in terms of actual implementation of equitable management in PAs. These challenges include, among others, the lack of a standardized approach to assess and monitor social equity and the difficulty of reducing social equity to a series of metrics.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Biological Conservation Volume 211, Part A, July 2017, Pages 134-141 Auteurs N.Zafra-Calvo. U.Pascual D.Brockington. B.Coolsaet. J.A.Cortes-Vazquez N.Gross-Camp.I.Palomo. N.D.Burgess.
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Claudet, J., Blythe, J., Gill, D.A. et al. Advancing ocean equity at the nexus of development, climate and conservation policy. Nat Ecol Evol (2024). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41559-024-02417-5
Lire aussi sur https://newsroom.wcs.org/" " Alors que le monde avance d'urgence pour atteindre les objectifs mondiaux en matière de biodiversité et de climat d'ici 2030, il faut accorder une attention accrue à l'équité dans le dialogue et la pratique lors de la conception des interventions de conservation, d'adaptation et de développement des océans. "