Biodiversité

Les activités humaines sont responsables du déclin de la biodiversité observé par les scientifiques depuis plusieurs décennies. Jusqu’ici, c’est essentiellement le changement d’affectation des sols qui nuit à la nature. Mais demain, les effets du réchauffement climatique pourraient prendre le pas.

La stratégie nationale biodiversité 2030 (SNB) traduit l’engagement de la France au titre de la convention sur la diversité biologique. Elle concerne les années 2022 à 2030 et succède à deux premières stratégies qui ont couvert respectivement les périodes 2004-2010 et 2011-2020. Elle a pour objectif de réduire les pressions sur la biodiversité, de protéger et restaurer les écosystèmes et de susciter des changements en profondeur afin d’inverser la trajectoire du déclin de la biodiversité.

Based on an extensive model intercomparison, we assessed trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services from historical reconstructions and future scenarios of land-use and climate change. During the 20th century, biodiversity declined globally by 2 to 11%, as estimated by a range of indicators. Provisioning ecosystem services increased several fold, and regulating services decreased moderately. Going forward, policies toward sustainability have the potential to slow biodiversity loss resulting from land-use change and the demand for provisioning services while reducing or reversing declines in regulating services.

It is nearly three decades since the world recognized the need for a global multilateral treaty aiming to address accelerating biodiversity loss. However, biodiversity continues to decline at a concerning rate. Drawing on lessons from the implementation of the current strategic plan of the Convention on Biological Diversity and the 2010 Aichi Targets, we highlight three interlinked core areas, which require attention and improvement in the development of the post‐2020 Biodiversity Framework under the Convention on Biological Diversity. They are: (1) developing robust theories of change which define agreed, adaptive plans for achieving targets; (2) using models to evaluate assumptions and effectiveness of different plans and targets; and (3) identifying the common but differentiated responsibilities of different actors/states/countries within these plans.