This study used data from 160 urban sites in England, collected by volunteers taking part in the Wider Countryside Butterfly Survey, in which BTO is a partner. Butterflies were chosen as the species group to investigate because they can be sensitive to small changes in habitat, are commonly seen in urban settings, and can reflect the responses of other insects.
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Author(s): Cooper, J.E.J., Plummer, K.E., Middlebrook, I. & Siriwardena, G.M. January 2024, Journal of Applied Ecology https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14583
Biodiversité, aménagement urbain, morphologie : le PUCA, l’Office français de la Biodiversité et la Direction générale de l’Aménagement du Logement et de la Nature se sont unis pour solliciter des équipes associant chercheurs et acteurs de l’aménagement, afin qu’elles contribuent à favoriser notre compréhension de l’impact de la forme urbaine sur la biodiversité, à l’échelle de nos villes occidentales.
The detrimental effects of environmental change on human and non-human diversity are acutely manifested in urban environments. While urban greenspaces are known to mitigate these effects and support functionally diverse ecological communities, evidence of the ecological outcomes of urban greening remains scarce.
We use a longitudinal observational design to provide empirical evidence of positive ecological changes brought about by greening actions.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Mata L, Hahs A, Palma E, Backstrom A, Johnston N, King T, Olson A, Renowden C, Smith T, Vogel B, Ward S. (2023) . Ecological Solutions and Evidence 4: e12259. First published: 21 August 2023 @AER_ESE_BES @BritishEcolSoc https://doi.org/10.1002/2688-8319.12259
Article réservé aux abonnés : Une équipe de chercheurs australiens menés par l’entomologiste Luis Mata, associé au laboratoire des espaces verts urbains de l’université de Melbourne, en Australie, a mis en évidence l’action positive de la végétalisation des villes sur la biodiversité. https://www.aefinfo.fr/depeche/698103
En ville, la mésange charbonnière privilégie l'odorat pour trouver son alimentation, malgré la pollution, alors que celle des champs se repose plus sur la vision, selon une étude qui souligne la capacité d'adaptation de ce volatile à un milieu urbain.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Publié le 09/02/2023 avec l'AFP qui a interrogé Diana Rubene, chercheuse en écologie du comportement à l'Université suédoise des sciences agricoles d'Uppsala au sujet de son étude : 2023 Birds differentially prioritize visual and olfactory foraging cues depending on habitat of origin and sex R. Soc. open sci.10221336221336http://doi.org/10.1098/rsos.221336
Un groupe de chercheurs, parmi lesquels le Belge Michel Loreau, de la Station d'écologie théorique et expérimentale du CNRS, a compilé 18 études empiriques internationales sur l'extinction de l'expérience de la nature. Cette synthèse de données est une première, et le constat sans appel : notre proximité physique et culturelle, notamment celle des enfants, avec la nature ne cesse de reculer.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Le chercheur dit aussi : « Le contact avec la nature pendant l’enfance développe la conscience écologique »
Lire : Barragan-Jason, G., Loreau, M., de Mazancourt, C., Singer, M. C. & Parmesan, C.(2023) - Psychological and physical connections with nature improve both human well-being and nature conservation : a systematic review of meta-analyses - Biological Conservation 277: 109842
Urbanization is an important driver of global insect decline. Yet, recent studies have demonstrated the potential of greenspaces in cities to promote biodiversity conservation. One of many factors negatively affecting arthropods in urban areas are unsuitable habitats, as non-woody greenspaces predominantly consist of manicured lawns. Maintenance practices such as high mowing frequencies, can have direct and indirect negative impacts on the local flora and fauna.
When we think about making decisions on how we shape our cities, that deep connection and stewardship of water is really important,” says Briony Rogers, a civil engineer at the Monash Sustainable Development Institute and director of MSDI Water, the institute’s water research hub in Melbourne, Australia.
Rogers’ work on ‘water-sensitive’ cities brings together her interest in applying civil engineering to shape the environment humans live in, and her love of the beaches and forests that surround her in Melbourne.
Understanding the impacts of urbanization and the associated urban land expansion on species is vital for informed urban planning that minimizes biodiversity loss. Predicting habitat that will be lost to urban land expansion for over 30,000 species under three different future scenarios, we find that up to 855 species are directly threatened due to unmitigated urbanization. Our projections pinpoint rapidly urbanizing regions of sub-Saharan Africa, South America, Mesoamerica, and Southeast Asia where, without careful planning, urbanization is expected to cause particularly large biodiversity loss. Our findings highlight the urgent need for an increased focus on urban land in global conservation strategies and identify high-priority areas for this engagement.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Rohan D. Simkin , Karen C. Seto , Robert I. McDonald, and Walter Jetz March 14, 2022 | 119 (12) e2117297119 Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2117297119
Les récifs coralliens au nord de la mer Rouge sont majoritairement protégés de l'acidification des océans et semblent en bonne santé. Une nouvelle étude montre que, malgré les apparences, leur biorythme naturel subit d'importants dégâts.
Rosenberg, Y., Simon-Blecher, N., Lalzar, M., Yam, R., Shemesh, A., Alon, S., Perna, G., Cárdenas, A., Voolstra, C. R., Miller, D. J., & Levy, O. (2022). Urbanization comprehensively impairs biological rhythms in coral holobionts. Global Change Biology, 00, 1– 16. https://doi.org/10.1111/gcb.16144
Urbanisation is increasing worldwide, and there is now ample evidence of phenotypic changes in wild organisms in response to this novel environment. Yet, the genetic changes and genomic architecture underlying these adaptations are poorly understood. Here, we genotype 192 great tits (Parus major) from nine European cities, each paired with an adjacent rural site, to address this major knowledge gap in our understanding of wildlife urban adaptation.
Citizen science data for urban planning: Comparing different sampling schemes for modelling urban bird distribution
Aimara Planillo & al.
Species richness is positively related to mental health – A study for Germany
Joel Methors & al.
The neighborhood socioeconomic inequalities in urban parks in a High-density City: An environmental justice perspective
Ru Zhang, Chun-Qing Zhang& al.
Regional planning of river protection and restoration to promote ecosystem services and nature conservation
Ana Paula Portela& al.
DocBiodiv's insight:
"Landscape and Urban Planning is an international journal aimed at advancing conceptual, scientific, and applied understandings of landscape in order to promote sustainable solutions for landscape change."
Découvrez notre sélection d’articles sur le sujet.
Mis en ligne en octobre 2023, l’article Les fascines de ligneux retrace l’histoire de leur utilisation pour la protection des berges et passe en revue les différentes modalités de leur application pour le génie végétal.
Anthropogenic light is ubiquitous in areas where humans are present and is showing a progressive increase worldwide. This has far-reaching consequences for most species and their ecosystems. The effects of anthropogenic light on natural ecosystems are highly variable and complex. Many species suffer from adverse effects and often respond in a highly specific manner. Ostensibly surveyable effects such as attraction and deterrence become complicated because these can depend on the type of behavior and specific locations. Here, we considered how solutions and new technologies could reduce the adverse effects of anthropogenic light.
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Annika K. Jägerbrand, Kamiel Spoelstra .Science 380, 1125-1130 (2023) .DOI:10.1126/science.adg3173
Dans l'actualité scientifique "pollution lumineuse", voir aussi :
- Léa Mariton. Taking light pollution effects on biodiversity into account in conservation measures : challenges and prospects. Case study of European bat species. Biodiversity and Ecology. Sorbonne Université, 2023. HAL Id: tel-04042599 https://theses.hal.science/tel-04042
- via @ulrikacandolin "Happy to announce a forthcoming review on impact of Light Pollution on aquatic invertebrates, in Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology"
- via @Airam_Rguez Moonlight diminishes seabird attraction to artificial light Airam Rodríguez, Elizabeth Atchoi, Beneharo Rodríguez, Tania Pipa, Matthieu Le Corre, David G. Ainley 01 Sept2023
Biodiversité, aménagement urbain, morphologie : le PUCA, l’Office français de la biodiversité et la Direction générale de l’aménagement du logement et de la nature se sont unis pour solliciter des équipes associant chercheurs et acteurs de l’aménagement, afin qu’elles contribuent à favoriser notre compréhension de l’impact de la forme urbaine sur la biodiversité, à l’échelle de nos villes occidentales. Six équipes, sélectionnées à l’issue d’un appel à projets de recherche lancé en février 2020, nous présentent aujourd’hui les résultats de leurs travaux de recherche.
This dataset is the result of a systematic mapping of the application of nature-based solutions (NbS) to climate change adaptation in urban areas across the world. We screened 823 potential urban NbS to climate adaptation, which resulted in the inclusion of 216 interventions worldwide from 130 cities in 55 countries within our dataset. We analysed each of the NbS according to key characteristics in terms of how these interventions are helping cities confront the grave climate change, biodiversity, and related social challenges they are facing.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Goodwin, S., M. Olazabal, A. Castro, U. Pascual. "Global mapping of urban nature-based solutions for climate change adaptation". Nature Sustainability. doi: 10.1038/s41893-022-01036-x
Ces produits de sensibilisation offrent un point d'entrée pour l'information pertinente aux régions et aux secteurs. Ils sont entièrement traçables à la contribution sous-jacente du groupe de travail au sixième rapport d'évaluation et à l'atlas interactif du GIEC.
There is a scientific consensus on the need for spatially detailed information on urban landscapes at a global scale. These data can support a range of environmental services, since cities are places of intense resource consumption and waste generation and of concentrated infrastructure and human settlement exposed to multiple hazards of natural and anthropogenic origin. In the face of climate change, urban data are also required to explore future urbanization pathways and urban design strategies in order to lock in long-term resilience and sustainability, protecting cities from future decisions that could undermine their adaptability and mitigation role.
La climatologue Valérie Masson-Delmotte pense que la prise de conscience et l’action contre le réchauffement « montent en puissance », mais que la réponse politique reste loin du changement d’échelle nécessaire.
« Les événements extrêmes que l’on subit doivent nous ouvrir les yeux sur les transformations profondes à réaliser. »
DocBiodiv's insight:
Lire les articles sur le thème du climat ds Le Monde dont l'éditorial "Climat : garantir un avenir vivable" , "Comment Paris se prépare à vivre sous 50 °C" , "Avec les vagues de chaleur en France, beaucoup tombent dans l’éco-anxiété et s’inquiètent pour l’avenir"
Une étude combinant Science citoyenne et analyse en laboratoire montre un effet clair des pratiques d’entretien des espaces verts sur les variables de la surface foliaire des arbres et sur la transpiration.
Ngao J, Cárdenas ML, Améglio T, Colin J, Saudreau M. Implications of Urban Land Management on the Cooling Properties of Urban Trees: Citizen Science and Laboratory Analysis.Sustainability. 2021; 13(24):13656. https://doi.org/10.3390/su132413656
Urbanization transforms environments in ways that alter biological evolution. We examined whether urban environmental change drives parallel evolution by sampling 110,019 white clover plants from 6169 populations in 160 cities globally. Plants were assayed for a Mendelian antiherbivore defense that also affects tolerance to abiotic stressors. Urban-rural gradients were associated with the evolution of clines in defense in 47% of cities throughout the world.
Recent reports of drastic declines in insect populations have raised global concerns about their conservation. Light pollution is a near inseparable feature of human-altered landscapes and is a potential contributing factor to insect declines.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Luis F. Camacho, Gabriela Barragán, Santiago Espinosa, Local ecological knowledge reveals combined landscape effects of light pollution, habitat loss, and fragmentation on insect populations, Biological Conservation,Volume 262,2021,109311, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocon.2021.109311.
La restauration écologique de l’étang de Berre fait de ce territoire un terrain d’atelier unique pour engager une trajectoire métropolitaine qui met les ressources naturelles et la richesse de ses milieux méditerranéens au centre des choix de développement et d’adaptation au changement climatique.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Journées techniques et d'échanges du 28 juin au 9 juillet 2021 Lorganisées par l'École Nationale Supérieure d’Architecture de Marseille (ENSAM), l’École Nationale Supérieure du Paysage et l’Institut d’Urbanisme et d’Aménagement Régional d’Aix-Marseille Université. Modalités d'inscriptions précises.Via @Polelagune
Dans un essai publié récemment, des chercheurs suggèrent que les activités humaines pourraient créer de nouveaux couplages phénotypiques comportement / physiologie chez les animaux sauvages.
DocBiodiv's insight:
Par Julien Hernandez, @Barbusceptique qui a interrogé Philippe Huneman du CNRS le 30 avril 2021 @futurasciences en lien avec l'article suivant : Sadoul B, Blumstein DT, Alfonso S, Geffroy B (2021) Human protection drives the emergence of a new coping style in animals. PLoS Biol 19(4): e3001186. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pbio.3001186
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Author(s): Cooper, J.E.J., Plummer, K.E., Middlebrook, I. & Siriwardena, G.M. January 2024, Journal of Applied Ecology https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2664.14583